mtDNA Testing for Genealogy Clues to Family History

Maternal DNA, referred to as mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA, is passed down from mothers to their sons and daughters. It is only carried through the female line, however, so while a son inherits his mother’s mtDNA, he does not pass it down to his own children. Both men and women can have their mtDNA tested in order to trace their maternal lineage. How Its Used mtDNA tests can be used to test your direct maternal lineage—your mother, your mothers mother, your mothers mothers mother, etc. mtDNA mutates much more slowly than Y-DNA, so it is really only useful for determining distant maternal ancestry. How Testing Works Your mtDNA results will generally be compared to a common reference sequence called the Cambridge Reference Sequence (CRS), to identify your specific haplotype, a set of closely linked alleles (variant forms of the same gene) that are inherited as a unit. People with the same haplotype share a common ancestor somewhere in the maternal line. This could be as recent as a few generations, or it could be dozens of generations back in the family tree. Your test results may also include your haplogroup, basically a group of related haplotypes, which offers a link to the ancient lineage to which you belong. Testing for  Inherited Medical Conditions A full-sequence mtDNA test (but not the HVR1/HVR2 tests) may possibly provide information about  inherited medical conditions—those that are passed  down through maternal lines. If you dont want to learn this type of information, dont worry, it wont be obvious from your genealogy test report, and your results are well-protected and confidential. It would actually take some active research on your part or the expertise of a genetic counselor to turn up any possible medical conditions from your mtDNA sequence. Choosing an mtDNA Test   mtDNA testing is generally done in two regions of the genome known as hypervariable regions: HVR1 (16024-16569) and HVR2 (00001-00576). Testing only HVR1 will produce low-resolution results with a huge number of matches, so most experts generally recommend testing both HVR1 and HVR2 for more precise results. HVR1 and HVR2 test results also identify the ethnic and geographic origin of the maternal line. If you have a larger budget, a full sequence mtDNA test looks at the entire mitochondrial genome. Results are returned for all three regions of the mitochondrial DNA: HVR1, HVR2, and an area referred to as the coding region (00577-16023). A perfect match indicates a common ancestor in recent times, making it the only mtDNA test very practical for genealogical purposes. Because the full genome is tested, this is the last ancestral mtDNA test you will ever need to take. You may be waiting a while before you turn up any matches, however, because full genome sequencing is only a few years old and somewhat expensive, so not as many people have opted for the full test as HVR1 or HVR2. Many of the major genetic genealogy testing services do not offer a specific mtDNA among their testing options. The two major options for both HVR1 and HVR2 are FamilyTreeDNA and Genebase.

My Observations On Children And Adults - 1061 Words

I thoroughly enjoyed doing my observations with the many children and adults I got to see. This was one of my favorite parts of this semester I am looking forward to the future! In my observations I got to see 18 children and two adults one of which I went to see two times and compared my experiences. I really enjoyed seeing both children and adults and in the future I hope to work with children but during my observations I particularly enjoyed observing one of the adults. One of the adults I worked with was Ben. Ben has severe apraxia, started speaking around the age of seven, and he is 23 years old. Some of the different exercises Ben did while I was there were matching with flash cards, he was given a pile of flashcards with labels on them and correlating pictures were spread out in front of him and he was asked to find the weights, so he had to find the picture which had the weights on it and so on. He also did an expressive drill for articulation. I noticed when he said one of his words ‘inventory’ he added an â€Å"a† at the end of it so it would be ‘inventorya’. The next thing Ben did was read books made by his Speech Language Pathologist from an app called Pictello. These books were made for him and they told about each of his jobs and what he did at those jobs. Ben has many jobs currently and has had a few different jobs in the past also. He works at the high school he attended and that is where I got to observ e Ben also. Some of his jobs at the school include: washingShow MoreRelatedA Pleasurable And Educational Preschool Observation1271 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ A Pleasurable and Educational Preschool Observation: Option E I observed a 4 year old preschool class during playtime in Staten Island, New York. The class consisted of eight children, and one certified preschool teacher. There were 4 boys and 4 girls in the class. 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These four models included attention (the individ ual subject must attend to the media as wellRead More Generational Differences: The Use Of the Internet Essay example1408 Words   |  6 Pagesschool work; and adults in the workforce are using the net for business related topics or to plan their next vacation; seniors are using it to keep in touch with their grandchildren. If you aren’t using the net, then you are obviously not in tune with the Real World. There have been my in depth studies dealing with generational use of the Internet. Who is wired and who is not. The gender gap. Who, how and why a person is using the Internet. Before I get into my own observations, I would likeRead MoreIs The Self Reference Effect More Effective On Children s Memory Rather Than Adults?1733 Words   |  7 PagesIs the Self Reference Effect More Effective On Children’s Memory Rather Than Adults? 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Rock and Roll Culture free essay sample

African-Americans used singing the blues as an escape path; although pain, suffering, and disappointments were the topics of the blues, the reason for singing them was for a temporary relief f the pains and struggles of their oppressed lives. (Townsend, 1997) Later on into the sasss, when slavery had long been abolished, African- Americans were still greatly oppressed by the Whites; they were nowhere near as wealthy nor did they hold any kind of political or social power.Despite of all of this, their music began to catch on. The Whites started to fall in love with this soul-inspired music, and because of their wealth and popularity, they took blues to a whole new level. The culmination of White and African-American culture in the late sasss was the solid birth of Rock and Roll. Although this event is marked by some as the birth of rock and roll (rock), it laid dormant for many hears until around the 1 asss, which is, for the purpose of this paper, the true start of rock. We will write a custom essay sample on Rock and Roll Culture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Townsend, 1997) The Radio; a gateway for rock The invention of the radio in the early sasss and its beginning widespread use in the sasss served as a gateway for rock to begin really growing. Before the invention of the radio, there was no widespread way for people to listen to rock, other than going to see a band play live or listening to a friends recording. Radio provided a way for people to listen to music before archiving it; something that no one would dream of doing in todays world. Townsend, 1997) WWW; Rocks catapult In the uses, the adult generation was not particularly fond of loud and fast music; they had gone through WWW and it was all the excitement they could handle (Townsend, 1 997, p. 9). This generation returned from the war and started producing children at an alarming rate, known to us as the Baby Boom and the children coming to be known as the Baby Boomers. These baby boomers were the generation that grabbed a hold on rock. They had been during or immediately after the war, so felt none of the reservations hat their parents had. As described by Townsend (1997, p. ) If we begin to understand that perspective, then we can find some insight into how rock n roll did appeal to the post-War generation. By 1954, anyone who was a teenager was personally unacquainted with World War II; even a 19 year-old had only been ten when it ended, and the younger teens had been infants while the War raged. By the mid-sass, the Baby Boom was starting to grow up, and to listen to rock n roll. This vast new chunk of humanity between our shores could not possibly share the feelings and memories of their arenas, could not know what the War had meant, and how profoundly it had influenced the older generations. They could not, in truth, share their parents complacency with the post-War world, peaceful and prosperous and entertaining as it was in contrast to what came before. If anything, it was the absence of any great challenge, whether war, depression, industrialization, or political change, that spawned the celebrated restlessness of young Americans in the sass. Explosions happens in an instant When someone from todays world looks back at the 1 asss as the explosion of rock, they generally see it as taking a while to happen. Today listening to the radio you may have only handful of really big hits every few months in rock.However, this was not at all the case in the sasss rock explosion. Almost weekly there would be a new hit that everyone was talking about, and as soon as everyone had heard about that one, there was another right behind it. Following is a small list provided by Townsend, all readily recognized by anyone at all familiar with classic rock, just to represent the way that the hits of the asss seemed to all happen at once: Bill Haley and His Comets, Rock Around the Clock. BOB Diddled, BOB Diddled. Released early 1955. The Platters, Only You. Released mid 1955. Chuck Berry, Embeddable. Recorded May 1955.Little Richard, Tutu Fruit. Recorded September 1955. Carl Perkins, Blue Suede Shoes. Recorded December 1955. Elvis Presley, Heartbreak Hotel, l Want You, I Need You, Love You. Recorded February 1956. Chuck Berry, Roll Over Beethoven. Recorded February 1956. Little Richard, Long Tall Sally. Recorded February 1956. Roy Robinson, Booby Dobby. Recorded April 1956. Gene Vincent, Be-Bop-a-Lull. Released June 1956. Bill Togged, Honk Tank. Released June 1956. Elvis Presley, Dont Be Cruel. Recorded July 1956. Fats Domino, Blueberry Hill. Released September 1956. Elvis Presley, Too Much Released January 1957.The Coasters, Young Blood. Recorded February 1957. Chuck Berry, School Days. Released March 1957. Elvis Presley, All Shook UP. Released March 1957. The Overly Brothers, Bye Bye Love. Released April 1957. Jerry Lee Lewis, Whole Lotto Shaking Going On. Released May 1957. Buddy Holly and the Crickets, Thatll Be the Day. Released May 1957. Little Richard, Lucille. Released May 1957. Hey Piano Smith and the Clowns, Rocking Pneumonia and the Boogie Woozier Au. Released mid 1957. Elvis Presley, Loving You. Released June 1957. Overly Brothers, Wake up, Little Susie. Released August, 1957.Buddy Holly, Peggy Sue. Released September 1957. Danny and the Juniors, At the Hop. Released November 1957. Jerry Lee Lewis, Great Balls of Fire. Released November 1957. Chuck Berry, Sweet Little Sixteen. Released January 1958. Elvis Presley enters the scene The entrance of Elvis Presley into the rock scene was something that parents never saw coming and definitely werent ready for. Their kids wanted to walk, talk, dress, and dance just like this new rocker. This new rocker who, when first aired on TV, was only filmed from the waist up, due to the immense controversy of his antics and movements on the stage. Wisped, 2008) Parents of the time hated Elvis. Most of all, they feared that his grunt-n- groin style of dancing was a terrible influence to their children. Often accused of being everything from a savage to an extreme racist to the personification of evil, he was just living out what he loved; rock. In 1956, a judge in Jacksonville, FL told Elvis that he was a savage and that if he danced as he usually did they would arrest him for Undermining the out of America (Wisped, 2008). While on stage in Jacksonville, Elvis refrained from dancing, other than giggling a finger in mockery at the ruling (Wisped, 2008). Despite any and all hatred and criticism by the parents of the time, Elvis was the fastest growing and most popular rocker of the 5(Yes. Only three years after his recordings became available, a poll conducted by the Johannesburg Sunday Times showed Elves as the number one musician of all time, with more than 2,000,000 records sold in the US. In comparison; Being Crosby, who lost his number one spot to Elvis, had at that point in his 30 years of fame old only about 1 (Wham, 1985) The impact that Elvis had on rock and the rock culture Of the asss youth was truly immense.As described by William T. Belly, the actions of the average boy in the asss and early asss was to: 1. See Elvis on TV 2. Decide you want to be Elvis 3. Ask Mom and Dad to get you a guitar 4. Discover that you are not Elvis 5. Now what to do with the guitar? Learn how to play 6. Start a band (Belly, 2004, p. 4), Rock Continues On After the explosion of rock in the asss and asss, rock settled down for a while on the rate of its growth. It kept making progressive changes, all according to he desires of the musicians.

Review Essays - Drill, Hip Hop, Almighty Black P. Stone Nation

Review Jeremy Moorman December 4, 2017 COMM 2300 G Herbo: Humble Beast Review In the same way as other new rappers, what makes G Herbo fascinating is his relationship to the present day and how he influences his rap music to tell about his life background . Be that as it may, what characterizes Humble Beast is the means by which he brings the past to the present, tying overlooked the current hip hop music trend . It's not a n album talking about what he did back then, its mostly taking about how he is developing as rapper . Back in 2 012 at age 16, G Herbo and fellow rapper, Lil Bibby, released a song called "Kill Sh *t", that later paved a way on different kinds of rap music around the globe and also started his career as rapper. G Herbo's approach to music is different from typical rappers nowadays, instead of talking about drugs and sex he's talking about things people from rough areas can relate to. G Herbo's most powerful strengths in his music is his delivery and flow that he shows in songs like 2015's "I'm Rollin" and 2017's "Everything" and "I Like". These are some of the songs that are crafting him to become a leader in the rap industry. G Herbo's songs are always recorded with a gritty tone to it to set the mood. He says it helps listeners get a feeling from his songs. On the song "I Like' of the album is more for the ladies. I this song off Humble Beast G Herbo is using a uptight bell sound and bass that you can kind of dance. He is trying to elevate himself by trying new things with his songs on this album. On the song "Bi Polar" off the album, G Herbo shows his lyrical skill throughout this song showing his versatility. Lyrically, his skill on "Humble Beast" has like an early mid-2000s music samples to it in relation to artists like Kanye West and Jay-Z. At the same, he is able to merge new school vibes with his album to, so it's kind of balanced out in a sense . One of the most memorable songs and final track on the Humble Beast is "Man Now", on this song G Herbo sums all of his life till now and she raps every word to listeners' thoughts. The album as of now is one of a kind.